Celebrating Asian Pacific American Heritage Month

By White House proclamation, May is Asian Pacific American Heritage Month! The resources below will help you explore the contributions of Asian Pacific Americans with students and ask them to think critically about how the roles and culture of Asians and Pacific Islanders have been presented in literature and popular culture.

Ask students to consider the portrayal of Asians in popular culture with the resources in Race & Hollywood: Asian Images in Film, from Turner Classic Movies. Analyze the still images and movie trailers to identify how and when Asians are included. Have students consider what happens when non-Asians are cast in Asian roles, after viewing the Asians in Hollywood, Stereotyping of Asians, or Anglos Playing Asians videos on the site.

Explore the writings of Asian American authors with these ReadWriteThink lesson plans:

• Family Memoir: Getting Acquainted With Generations Before Us taps an essay by Korean writer Chang-rae Lee as the basis of an exploration of how familly stories are told.
  
  
• Exploring Language and Identity: Amy Tan’s “Mother Tongue” and Beyond considers how language shapes (and is shaped by) how we think of ourselves and our families.
  
  
• Discovering Memory: Li-Young Lee’s Poem “Mnemonic” and the Brain asks students to dissect Li-Young Lee’s poem to consider how memory works and is represented in our writing.

Share texts written by Asian and Pacific Americans with students, whether you look to picture books for young adult novels. For starters, you can listen to the ReadWriteThink Text Messages podcast episode Teen Identity and Tough Situations, which discusses the graphic novel American Born Chinese and other books that explore characters who struggle to know when to stay true to themselves. To find other books by Asian authors and illustrators, consult these lists:

• Asian Picture Books and Asian Chapter Books, from Salt Lake City Library
  
  
• Powerful Asian-American Images Revealed in Picture Books, from Kay Vandergrift
  
  
• Asian American Booklist, from NEA

For even more resources, you can check out these sites, which offer educational, historical, and cultural materials that can be used in the classroom:

• Asian American Heritage Month,from the Library of Congress
  
  
• Asian-Pacific American Heritage, from the National Park Service
  
  
• Asian Pacific Americans Heritage Teaching Resources, from Smithsonian Education
  
  
• Celebrate Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, from the Asia Society
  
  
• Asian-Pacific Heritage Month, from EDSITEment
  
  
• Asia for Educators, from Columbia University
  
  

More Resources for Exploring Movies and Literature

The English Journal article “Literature into Film (and Back Again): Another Look at an Old Dog,” written by NCTE Consulting Network member and NCTE author John Golden, describes ways to explore movies based on short stories and novels in the literature classroom. While the examples in the article are targeted at secondary students, the techniques can be applied at any level. All you have to do is change the texts. The general questions remain the same.

The key is to focus on analysis of the director’s choices, rather than on general review or comparison of the choices. Try asking students questions such as “Why did the director delete this scene? What difference does this choice make?” rather than “Which version is better and why?” ReadWriteThink has lists of films and texts that can be used in the elementary classroom and at the middle level that you can use to supplement the lists in the English Journal article.

Further, ReadWriteThink includes these lesson plans that explore literary elements in films and other videos:

• Decoding The Matrix: Exploring Dystopian Characteristics through Film
• Decoding the Dystopian Characteristics of Macintosh’s “1984” Commercial
• Exploring Irony in the Conclusion of All Quiet on the Western Front
• Exploring Satire with Shrek
• Exploring Satire with The Simpsons
• Lights, Camera, Action...Music: Critiquing Films Using Sight and Sound
• Writing a Flashback and Flash-Forward Story Using Movies and Texts as Models

Finally, in the EJ Extension “Who Wants to Be a Director?” Golden shares additional creative writing activities that students can complete to consider the ways that print texts are turned into movies. Golden suggests, for instance, that students choose songs for a movie soundtrack version of a print text that they have read. The ReadWriteThink lesson plan On a Musical Note: Exploring Reading Strategies by Creating a Soundtrack includes additional resources teachers can use as they try this creative writing technique.

The ReadWriteThink lesson Literature Circle Roles Reframed: Reading as a Film Crew offers a creative reading approach, by substituting film production roles for the traditional literature circle roles. After reviewing film production roles—such as director, casting director, and set designer—students work together in cooperative groups to read and discuss a piece of literature, each assuming a film production role.

Teacher Learning and Professional Development: The Real Stuff

It’s been 25 years and a few days since the report A Nation at Risk was released, yet the concern about student performance in American schools still exists, including how American students fare in comparison with their peers around the world.

In the Christian Science Monitor article Despite 25 years of reform, U.S. schools still fall short (April 24, 2008), Linda Darling-Hammond notes that teacher quality is one issue the nation must come to grips with because teachers make the most difference in student learning. She cites the McKinsey & Company report How the World’s Best-Performing School Systems Come Out onTop.

Well, I knew that! But how do we make sure that teacher learning becomes central to the mission of our schools? And, for those of us in the classroom, how do we make time for ourselves to learn both alone and with our colleagues?

Like many of you, I’ve sat through any number of “professional development” sessions that were anything but—leaving at the end only wishing my colleagues and I had been given that time to work together on how best to help our students learn. NCTE’s “Principles of Professional Development” reaffirm that wish and on Advocacy Day NCTE asked for support for high quality teachers in our high-need schools.

But in reality, it’s the everyday that counts. We want and need to work together with our colleagues, learning and practicing the best ways to support our students’ learning. We can do this through NCTE’s Pathways Professional Development Program at our own pace, within our own school, and with participants from across the nation. We can pursue a variety of inquiries in the Pathways for Advancing Adolescent Literacy or the Pathways for Teaching and Learning with English Language Learners, and soon we’ll be able to learn with Pathways for Teaching and Learning with 21st Century Literacies. We can enjoy a “best” model of professional development characterized by sustained activities, engagement with administrators, and community-based learning that will first enhancing our teacher practice and then lead to student learning.

Inspiration for Student Poetry and Prose

As National Poetry Month comes to a close, inspire students to write original poems with help from other texts, creating their own found poems. NCTE’s best-selling book Getting the Knack: 20 Poetry Writing Exercises explains the process of writing “Found & Headline Poems.” To compose a found poem, the writer searches for meaningful words, phrases, and images from an original text and then shapes them into an original work. It’s a sort of “quick start” poem—the writer begins with a ready sample of ideas, and simply chooses and arranges the work into something new. If the writer is using words only, you might think of a found poem as a sort of word collage.

A new teacher resource from the Library of Congress, Making Connections through Poetry, includes a gallery of primary documents that students use to compose and illustrate their own poems. The collections range across the entire span of the nation’s history and include specific touchpoints on such topics as U.S. involvement in national and international wars, women’s suffrage, and civil rights. The new ReadWriteThink lesson plan Rummaging for Fiction: Using Found Photographs and Notes to Spark Story Ideas (S) uses the Library of Congress site as inspiration to help students identify subjects, settings, characters, and conflicts for pieces of creative writing.

This technique can be adapted to any historical period or content area. For instance, if you’re celebrating Shakespeare’s birthday this week, ask students to use Primary Sources on the Folger Shakespeare Museum site as inspiration for their poems. Any site that includes primary sources or literary texts can be a resource. You might tap the Treasures in Full from the British Library, The Online Library of Literature, Historical Minutes from the U.S. Senate, Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, or Letters and Diaries Online.

For materials that explore found poetry with all grade levels, visit these additional ReadWriteThink resources:

• A Bear of a Poem: Composing and Performing Found Poetry (E)
• Poetry from Prose (E)
• Found Poems/Parallel Poems (M)
• Finding Poetry in Pleasure Reading (M)
• Finding Poetry in Prose: Reading and Writing Love Poems (S)
  
  

Must I Write Congress?

I never know what to write when NCTE sends out reminders to write to our legislators. Here I am a writing teacher, and I can’t write. It’s not that I can’t think of anything to praise or criticize about the state of education in America. Of course, I can think of things. I just feel stymied as I try to compose. Writing to Congress seems like such a huge responsibility. How can someone like me explain to representatives whom I’ve never met why English language arts matter?

It’s very easy. NCTE provides sample email messages. All I really have to do is cut and paste them, and I’ve written Congress. Tips for phone calls are also available. All I’d need to do is dial a phone number and begin with the information on the Tips page. Making the process easier doesn’t completely explain why I must write Congress though.

NCTE has established positions on the following issues. Reading them not only gives me background information but also helps me realize why these positions are important.

• Change Adequate Yearly Progress Measures
  
  
• Change Support for English Language Learners
  
  
• Change Type of Support for High-Quality Teachers in High-Need Schools
  
  
• Substitute Scientifically Valid Research for Scientifically Based Research and Change Appointment Process for Peer Review Panels
  
  
• Advancing Adolescent Literacy
  
  
• Striving Readers (S. 958 and H.R. 2289)
  
  
• A Definition of 21st Century Literacies
  
  
• Success in the Middle (S.2227 and H.R. 3406)
  
  
• 2008 NCTE Legislative Platform

NCTE provides me with the information I need to know. That essentially eliminates any excuse I have about not knowing enough—and tells me why these issues are important.

So must I write Congress? Yes. It matters to the profession and to the lives of the students we all teach. I can, of course, write my own, more personal message to my representatives, but I don’t have to. Writing to the policymakers in this country is as simple as copying and pasting.

I no longer have any excuses. What about you? I challenge you to at least copy and paste an email message to one representative and report back here via the comments. Let’s see how many of us are willing to help do what it takes to improve education in the United States.

Helping Families Support Readers

Encouraging families to support children and teens as readers is important—whether your community is getting ready for a Big Read project or you’re just encouraging students to keep reading when they are at home. The Why Summer Reading? page on ReadWriteThink’s Learning Beyond the Classroom site explains, “a passion for reading and writing can help children and teens find ways to understand not only different cultures and worlds but also themselves.” Further, the NCTE Guideline “On Reading, Learning to Read, and Effective Reading Instruction: An Overview of What We Know and How We Know It” tells us:

The more children read, the better readers they become. Children read more when they have access to engaging, age appropriate books, magazines, newspapers, computers and other reading materials. They read more on topics that interest them than on topics that do not interest them.

Reading supports writing development and writing supports reading development. For example, through reading readers learn the power of a strong introduction and eventually use such knowledge as they write their own pieces. Conversely, writing develops awareness of the structures of language, the organization of text, and spelling patterns which in turn contributes to reading proficiency.

So we know that reading matters, but how can we support families who encourage children and teens to read at home?

• Share the NCTE description of What Can Family Literacy Look Like to provide families with a list of short, everyday activities that can support readers and writers.
  
  
• Read the Language Arts article “Exploring Our Literacy Beliefs with Families” to learn more about the literacy beliefs of families share with others during a series of family literacy workshops. Use the information to shape your interactions with family adults.
  
  
• Visit ReadWriteThink’s Learning Beyond the Classroom for reading and writing activities that you can share with families and other caregivers. Visit the Why Summer Reading? page on the site for a link to a printable flyer you can send home with students and share with others in your educational community.
  
  
• Be sure to show families the related booklists available on the ReadWriteThink’s Learning Beyond the Classroom grade level pages for suggested best books to find in the local library or bookstore.
  
  
• Check out ReadWriteThink’s new podcasts and videos for reviews of books for ages 4–11 and ages 12–18 as well as videos that suggest reading strategies that families can use with children.
  
  

Being and Becoming Language Learners

The March Language Arts includes an article by Tasha Tropp Laman and Katie Van Sluys that explores how “children in multilingual, multiage classrooms participate in and transform the writing workshops” (265). In “Being and Becoming: Multilingual Writers’ Practices,” Laman and Van Sluys describe two multiage classrooms where students participate in daily writing workshop activities, typically beginning with a mini-lesson and then allowing time for students to read, write, and collaborate while teachers met with individual writers and small groups.

Using examples from students’ writer’s notebooks and other student publications, the article demonstrates how “multilingual students in both classrooms transformed their learning communities and opened up new possibilities for all children” (272). What made the practices successful was the fact that “All students were positioned as language learners” in the two classrooms:

Multilingual students explored connections, differences, and insights into their understandings of their first language(s) and those they were learning. Ms. Brice and Ms. Roberts [the two teachers] intentionally established curricular structures that repositioned literacy learning in general and writing in particular as collective and social acts. English-dominant peers also began to study and compare English with other languages . . . . This work was not spontaneous. Multilingual students shared their linguistic knowledge with peers as they leaned into one another’s notebooks during writing time, read their writing aloud during share time, and publicly displayed their writing during celebrations. These collective and collaborative structures repositioned first language(s) as significant and vital literacy resources. (273)

How can teachers find activities that situate students as language authorities? Students can take on the role naturally in classrooms where students are encouraged to collaborate and share their writing. Students in the two classrooms highlighted in the article were encouraged to choose the language (or languages) that they felt comfortable using, to use texts as models and springboards, and to investigate how different languages work. As they collaborated, students—whether new to English or not—all worked as language learners. And when everyone in the classroom is a language learner, great things happen!